Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta epidural. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta epidural. Mostrar todas las entradas

miércoles, 13 de diciembre de 2017

Dexmedetomidina peridural / epidural dexmedetomidine

Diciembre 13, 2017. No. 2931
Estsudio comparativo de dexmedetomidina y fentanil como coadyuvantes peridurales de bupivacaína en cirugía de extremidades inferiores
A comparative study of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to epidural bupivacaine in lower limb surgeries.
Paul A, Nathroy A, Paul T.
J Med Sci 2017;37:221-6
Abstract
Background: Epidural anesthesia is the most commonly used technique for inducing surgical anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing lower limb surgeries. Fentanyl as an adjuvant to epidural local anesthetic has been used for a long time. Dexmedetomidine is a potent and highly selective α-2-adrenoceptor agonist with analgesic potency. Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to epidural bupivacaine in lower limb surgeries. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists' Grade I or II who were undergoing lower limb surgery were randomly divided into two groups. Group BD: received epidural study solution of 38 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine hydrochloride + 1 ml of 100 μg dexmedetomidine + 1 ml of normal saline. Group BF: received epidural study solution of 38 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine hydrochloride + 2 ml of 100 μg fentanyl. Onset and maximum level of sensory blockade, time to attain maximum sensory level, time to complete motor blockade, time for two-segment regression, duration of analgesia and motor block, heart rate, and blood pressure were observed. Pain and sedation were assessed by numerical rating scale and Ramsay Sedation Scale, respectively. Data were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results:The onset of sensory blockade and time to attain maximum sensory level in Group BD were earlier than that of Group BF (P < 0.001). Duration of analgesia and motor blockade in Group BD were significantly more than that of Group BF (P < 0.001). Postoperative visual analog scale was reduced statistically significantly in Group BD (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to epidural bupivacaine is a better alternative to fentanyl with higher analgesic property.
Keywords: Dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, epidural, anesthesia

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Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor

52 664 6848905

viernes, 28 de abril de 2017

Espacio peridural / Epidural space

Abril 23-A, 2017. No. 2668





Localización del espacio epidural. Revisión de las tecnologías disponibles
Localization of epidural space: A review of available technologies.
J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2017 Jan-Mar;33(1):16-27. doi: 10.4103/0970-9185.202184.
Abstract
Although epidural analgesia is widely used for pain relief, it is associated with a significant failure rate. Loss of resistance technique, tactile feedback from the needle, and surface landmarks are traditionally used to guide the epidural needle tip into the epidural space (EDS). The aim of this narrative review is to critically appraise new and emerging technologies for identification of EDS and their potential role in the future. The PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Studies, and Web of Science databases were searched using predecided search strategies, yielding 1048 results. After careful review of abstracts and full texts, 42 articles were selected to be included. Newer techniques for localization of EDS can be broadly classified into techniques that (1) guide the needle to the EDS, (2) identify needle entry into the EDS, and (3) confirm catheter location in EDS. An ideal method should be easy to learn and perform, easily reproducible with high sensitivity and specificity, identifies inadvertent intrathecal and intravascular catheter placements with ease, feasible in perioperative setting and have a cost-benefit advantage. Though none of them in their current stages of development qualify as an ideal method, many show tremendous potential. Some techniques are useful in patients with difficult spinal anatomy and infants, and thus are complementary to traditional methods. In addition to improving the existing technology, future research should aim at proving the superiority of these techniques over traditional methods, specifically regarding successful EDS localization, better safety profile, and a favorable cost-benefit ratio.
KEYWORDS:
Epidural localization; epidural space; loss of resistance; new technologies

Técnicas de identificación del espacio epidural
E. Figueredo
Rev. Esp. Anestesiol. Reanim. 2005; 52: 401-412
Resumen
Gran parte del éxito de una anestesia epidural se basa en la correcta identificación del espacio epidural. En los últimos 100 años se han descrito numerosas técnicas intentando localizar el espacio de la manera más simple, efectiva, segura y fiable. Para juzgar las técnicas empleadas para la identificación del espacio epidural, sus ventajas, inconvenientes y/o complicaciones se ha realizado una búsqueda en Medline entrecruzando las palabras clave "epidural analgesia", "epidural anesthesia", "epidural space", "identification" y "loss of resistance". Se analizan las técnicas clásicas de identificación del espacio epidural, así como los principales métodos complementarios o instrumentales. Se evalúan los resultados de los ensayos clínicos en los que se comparan las distintas técnicas de pérdida de resistencia (LOR). Las técnicas basadas en la LOR, mediante el uso de aire, solución salina isotónica o una combinación de ambos, han demostrado ser las más simples y efectivas. Con respecto a la seguridad, la técnica de LOR con aire es la que presenta más complicaciones (neumoencéfalo, embolismo aéreo, analgesia insuficiente, mayor incidencia de punciones durales accidentales, compresión de raíces nerviosas, enfisema subcutáneo). Si a la técnica de LOR con solución salina, se le agrega una pequeña burbuja de aire dentro de la jeringa, la técnica, además de efectiva y segura, resulta más fiable y su enseñanza más didáctica. Palabras clave: Técnica anestésica: epidural, pérdida de resistencia. Complicaciones: neumoencéfalo, punción dural.

Vacante para Anestesiología Pediátrica
El Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas de León, Guanajuato México 
ofrece un contrato laboral en el departamento de anestesiología 
Informes con la Dra Angélica García Álvarez 
angy.coachanestped@gmail.com o al teléfono 477 101 8700 Ext 1028
Foro Internacional de Medicina Crítica
Ciudad de México, Julio 13-15, 2017
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Anestesiología y Medicina del Dolor

52 664 6848905